From the Moors to the Freedmen: The Whitewashing and Reclamation of Melanated History
Black History did not start nor end with slavery (BALTIMORE – August 29, 2025) – When most American history books introduce Black people, they start at 1619, when “20 and odd” Africans arrived in Virginia. But that narrative is not just incomplete — it is a deliberate erasure. Black presence in the Americas begins long before Jamestown, and Black contributions run far deeper than slavery alone. From the Nile Valley shipbuilders, to West African emperors who launched Atlantic fleets, to the Moors who ruled Iberia, to Black navigators who guided European voyages, to Freedmen whose land and identity were stolen, and to Black Seminoles who fought the U.S. military to a standstill — the struggle for recognition tells the true story of America. African Foundations of Navigation Long before Europe dreamed of ocean crossings, Africans had mastered the waters. Ancient Egyptians built reed and wooden ships as early as 3,000 BCE, navigating the Nile and the Red Sea with skill. They sailed to Punt (the Horn of Africa), proving African civilizations had the technology, astronomy, and seamanship for open-water voyages millennia before Columbus. Centuries later, West African kingdoms extended this legacy into the Atlantic. Chroniclers recorded how Mansa Abubakari II of Mali abdicated his throne around 1311 to lead hundreds of ships westward into the ocean — a fleet launched not for war but for discovery. Oral histories and scattered evidence suggest African fleets reached far into the Atlantic, if not the Americas themselves. The Moors and the Birth of Navigation For nearly 800 years (711–1492), the Moors — Muslim powers that included countless Black Africans from North and West Africa — ruled much of Spain and Portugal. They transformed Iberia into a center of learning, leaving behind: Mathematics and astronomy that advanced navigation, Shipbuilding innovations like the lateen sail, Tools like the astrolabe and advanced maps that guided ships across oceans. When Europeans launched the so-called Age of Discovery, they sailed on the foundation of Egyptian science, West African ambition, and Moorish engineering. Black Navigators Before Columbus Was Famous History books often put Columbus on a pedestal, but the truth is he wasn’t sailing alone. Black navigators and explorers were at the heart of those voyages: Pedro Alonso Niño (“El Negro”): A celebrated African-descended navigator who guided Atlantic crossings and later commanded his own expedition to South America. Juan Garrido: A free African who joined Cortés in Mexico and became the first to plant wheat in the Americas. Estebanico (Estevanico de Dorantes): A Moroccan Berber who explored the American Southwest as a guide, scout, and interpreter. Sebastián Toral: A free African who fought in the Spanish conquest of the Yucatán. These were not background figures. They were navigators, explorers, and founders. The Beginning of Whitewashing In 1492, the same year Columbus sailed west, Spain expelled the Moors from Granada. From that moment, a project of whitening Iberian identity began. African roots were erased. Black navigators were minimized. European monarchs recast themselves as the sole “discoverers” of the New World. This…
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